Abstract
A survey of the present physical and technological situation of the electron cyclotron heating for Tokamak plasmas is presented. The multiple possibilities for heating and preionization of the two electromagnetic wave at the cyclotron frequency ωC linearly polarized in the ordinary or extraordinary mode are illustrated. From physical and technical considerations it is shown that the most promising heating scheme consists in a wave ordinary polarized propagating perpendicular to the magnetic field from the low field side of the torus. At the present time only low power experiment according to this scheme have been performed and the results are always in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. However several experiments using a circular polarized beam at significant power level (~ 100 Kw) have been reported showing a substantial heating of the electrons without any deleterious secondary effects. Finally the technical problems of the high power, high efficiency sources in the mm wavelength region as well as the microwave hardware necessary to propagate the beam into the plasma are reviewed.
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