Abstract
BackgroundPediatric sleep research is rather new in Estonia. There has not been a comprehensive study of age specific sleep disorders in Estonian children. The aim of this study was to investigate sleep disorders in a sample of Estonian second grade children.We hypothesized that:• Children with low BMI are as susceptible to SDB as are children with high BMI.• Under weight children are susceptible to residual SDB after adenotonsillectomy.• Parasomnias present with SDB in children.• Excessive day time sleepiness is a significant symptom which leads parents to suspect sleep disorders in their child.MethodsA retrospective questionnaire based survey was used to analyze factors influencing sleep, parasomnias, daytime sleepiness, and sleep disordered breathing (SDB). 1065 Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) packets were distributed by post to randomly selected parents of second grade students; 703 (66%) subjects were included in the study group; each parent/guardian participant had one second grade child. Descriptive statistics were used to compare characteristics of SDB symptomatic and healthy children. We used logistic regression to analyze factors influencing sleep and parasomnias in relation to SDB severity. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI were used to estimate relative risk.ResultsParents of children with SDB complaints seem to pay attention to sleep disorders especially when a child is suffering from excessive day time sleepiness. Parasomnias are present simultaneously with SDB and tend to worsen in relation to more severe SDB complaints. Many underweight children have SDB symptoms after adenotonsillectomy.ConclusionSDB symptoms are found in both overweight and underweight children. Both groups should be observed, especially in terms of the current focus on overweight children. Careful follow up after SDB treatment is necessary in case of under and overweight children. Parental suspicions regarding SDB are noticeably higher in cases of excessive daytime sleepiness in their children.
Highlights
Pediatric sleep research is rather new in Estonia
A retrospective questionnaire based survey was used to analyze factors influencing sleep, parasomnias, daytime sleepiness, and sleep disordered breathing (SDB). 1065 Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) packets were distributed by post to randomly selected parents of second grade students; 703 (66%) subjects were included in the study group; each parent/guardian participant had one second grade child
Parents of children with SDB complaints seem to pay attention to sleep disorders especially when a child is suffering from excessive day time sleepiness
Summary
There has not been a comprehensive study of age specific sleep disorders in Estonian children. The aim of this study was to investigate sleep disorders in a sample of Estonian second grade children. Pediatric sleep disorders are very common phenomena. Sleep problems may affect 10-45% of the pediatric population [1,2,3]. Studies have shown that sleep problems in children are associated with emotional, behavioral, and cognitive dysfunctions, causing developmental and social difficulties, and other health issues [4,5]. Pediatric sleep disorders affect child health, but can impact the well-being of the entire family. Sleep disorders often are under diagnosed because parents, as well as primary health care practitioners, do not notice them or do not consider them dangerous. Unrecognized sleep disorders can lead to academic difficulties, disrupted interpersonal relationships, and impaired behavior and cognition [5,6]
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