Abstract
To investigate the association between overall life satisfaction and healthy lifestyle, knowledge of breast cancer, physical examination, and detection rate of breast cancer and benign breast disease in Chinese women. In a multicentered breast disease screening program in China, we enrolled 33,057 women aged 45-65 years without prior diagnosis of breast cancer. After completing an epidemiological questionnaire, all participants were examined by clinical breast examination, breast ultrasound, and mammography independently. All breast cancer cases and a selected sample of benign breast diseases were confirmed pathologically. Univariate and multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the association between life satisfaction and lifestyle, knowledge of breast cancer, physical examination, and detection rate of breast diseases. Overall life satisfaction was positively associated with women's healthy lifestyle. Compared with less satisfied women, satisfied women were less likely to be smokers (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.47-0.62), have more exercise (OR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.26-1.75), eat less fried (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.50-0.71), smoked (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.47-0.63), pickled (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.55-0.79), and grilled (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.54-0.74) foods. Satisfied women were more likely to have knowledge of breast cancer (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.29-1.70), and have regular physical examinations (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12). Compared to less satisfied women, we found significantly lower detection rate of benign breast diseases (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.99), and lower but nonsignificant detection rate of breast cancer (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.35-1.25) in satisfied women. Women with a higher overall life satisfaction are more likely to have healthy lifestyle, knowledge of breast cancer, and regular physical examination, thus resulting in a lower detection rate of breast diseases in screening.
Highlights
Breast cancer has become the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in women worldwide, and more than 1.6 million Chinese women would be diagnosed with breast cancer each year [1]
Compared to women living in Beijing, women living in Tianjin (OR = 1.92; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.62–2.28), Shenyang (OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.74–2.31), Nanchang (OR = 2.49; 95% CI: 2.16–2.86), and Feicheng (OR = 7.98; 95% CI: 5.87–10.85) are more satisfied with life
An older age at marriage (>30 years) is negatively associated with overall life satisfaction compared to regular age at marriage (21–30) (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60–0.94)
Summary
Breast cancer has become the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in women worldwide, and more than 1.6 million Chinese women would be diagnosed with breast cancer each year [1]. The association between psychological factors and risk of breast cancer has been established [4], but the mechanism of the association is not clear. It is proposed that the psychological factors can directly interfere with the functions of neuroendocrine and immune system, influencing the risk of breast cancer [5]. It is notable that the changes in lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, exercise) and health cognition (seeking for health care) are regarded as an indirect mediating link between psychological factors and breast cancer development [5]. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies addressing the associations between psychological factors and lifestyle, knowledge of breast cancer, and physical examination. A few case–control studies investigated BBD in relation to psychological factors, while probably because of insufficient sample size, most studies failed to find the roles of adverse life experience/stress [7, 8], anxiety or depression [9, 10] in increasing the risk of BBD
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
