Abstract
The amount of digital cultural heritage data produced by cultural heritage institutions is growing rapidly. Digital cultural heritage repositories have therefore become an efficient and effective way to disseminate and exploit digital cultural heritage data. However, many digital cultural heritage repositories worldwide share technical challenges such as data integration and interoperability among national and regional digital cultural heritage repositories. The result is dispersed and poorly-linked cultured heritage data, backed by non-standardized search interfaces, which thwart users’ attempts to contextualize information from distributed repositories. A recently introduced geospatial semantic web is being adopted by a great many new and existing digital cultural heritage repositories to overcome these challenges. However, no one has yet conducted a conceptual survey of the geospatial semantic web concepts for a cultural heritage audience. A conceptual survey of these concepts pertinent to the cultural heritage field is, therefore, needed. Such a survey equips cultural heritage professionals and practitioners with an overview of all the necessary tools, and free and open source semantic web and geospatial semantic web platforms that can be used to implement geospatial semantic web-based cultural heritage repositories. Hence, this article surveys the state-of-the-art geospatial semantic web concepts, which are pertinent to the cultural heritage field. It then proposes a framework to turn geospatial cultural heritage data into machine-readable and processable resource description framework (RDF) data to use in the geospatial semantic web, with a case study to demonstrate its applicability. Furthermore, it outlines key free and open source semantic web and geospatial semantic platforms for cultural heritage institutions. In addition, it examines leading cultural heritage projects employing the geospatial semantic web. Finally, the article discusses attributes of the geospatial semantic web that require more attention, that can result in generating new ideas and research questions for both the geospatial semantic web and cultural heritage fields.
Highlights
Recent advances in remote-sensing technologies and imaging devices have opened up new possibilities for digital recording of cultural heritage (CH) sites and collections
They claim that the new model has all the classes and properties of both CityGML and BIM, they have not dealt with spatio-temporal aspects of the geospatial semantic web
In many CH repositories data is published as raw dumps in different file formats lacking structure and semantics
Summary
Recent advances in remote-sensing technologies and imaging devices have opened up new possibilities for digital recording of cultural heritage (CH) sites and collections. Poorly-linked CH data is fragmented in several national and regional repositories, backed by non-standardized search interfaces All these technical challenges are limiting users’ attempts to contextualize information from distributed repositories [10]. The geospatial semantic web offers capabilities such as geographic information system (GIS)-based analysis, spatio-temporal queries and interlinking with other external data sources to provide geospatial context for the specific topic. There has not yet been conducted a conceptual survey of the geospatial semantic web concepts for a cultural heritage audience. The remainder of the article is structured as follows: In Section 2, it discusses a web evolution and the state-of-art in the geospatial semantic web including cultural heritage domain ontologies.
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