Abstract
An extensive literature search was performed to review current knowledge about endophytic fungi isolated from plants included in the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) dossier. The selected genera of plants were Acacia, Albizia, Bauhinia, Berberis, Caesalpinia, Cassia, Cornus, Hamamelis, Jasminus, Ligustrum, Lonicera, Nerium, and Robinia. A total of 120 fungal genera have been found in plant tissues originating from several countries. Bauhinia and Cornus showed the highest diversity of endophytes, whereas Hamamelis, Jasminus, Lonicera, and Robinia exhibited the lowest. The most frequently detected fungi were Aspergillus, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Penicillium, Phyllosticta, and Alternaria. Plants and plant products represent an inoculum source of several mutualistic or pathogenic fungi, including quarantine pathogens. Thus, the movement of living organisms across continents during international trade represents a serious threat to ecosystems and biosecurity measures should be taken at a global level.
Highlights
Endophytic fungi are ubiquitous to plants, and are mainly members of Ascomycota or their mitosporic stage, but they include some taxa of Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, and Oomycota.Endophytes are organisms living within the tissues of plants [1] establishing stable relationships with their host, ranging from non-pathogenic to beneficial [2,3]
Globalization has led to intensified movement of people, plants, and plant products, and an increase in the unintentional introduction of non-native fungal species into new ecosystems
The monitoring of plants and plant products, plus early identification-detection of pathogen risks are key steps towards ensuring successful regulation to exclude potential disorders caused by pathogens
Summary
Laura Gioia 1, *, Giada d’Errico 1, * , Martina Sinno 1 , Marta Ranesi 1 , Sheridan Lois Woo 2,3,4 and Francesco Vinale 4,5. Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80128 Naples, Italy. Received: 31 October 2020; Accepted: 11 December 2020; Published: 17 December 2020
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