A Study on Urban Inundation Using SWMM in Busan, Korea, Using Existing Dams and Artificial Underground Waterways

Yeon-Moon Choo,Sang-Bo Sim,Yeon-Woong Choe

doi:10.3390/w13121708

Abstract

The annual average rainfall in Busan area is increasing, causing frequent flooding of Busan’s Suyeong and Oncheon rivers. Due to the increase in urbanized areas and climate change, it is difficult to reduce flood damage. Therefore, new methods are needed to reduce urban inundation. This study models the effects of three flood reduction methods involving Oncheon River, Suyeong River, and the Hoedong Dam, which is situated on the Suyeong. Using EPA-SWMM, a virtual model of the dam and the rivers was created, then modified with changes to the dam’s height, the installation of a floodgate on the dam, and the creation of an underground waterway to carry excess flow from the Oncheon to the Hoedong Dam. The results of this study show that increasing the height of the dam by 3 m, 4 m, or 6 m led to a 27%, 37%, and 48% reduction in flooding, respectively, on the Suyeong River. It was also found that installing a floodgate of 10 × 4 m, 15 × 4 m, or 20 × 4 min the dam would result in a flood reduction of 2.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the construction of the underground waterway could lead to an expected 25% flood reduction in the Oncheon River. Measures such as these offer the potential to protect the lives and property of citizens in densely populated urban areas and develop sustainable cities and communities. Therefore, the modifications to the dam and the underground waterway proposed in this study are considered to be useful.

Highlights

Heavy rains have occurred frequently due to abnormal weather conditions, and the increase in areas impervious to rainfall due to urbanization is increasing the damage caused by urban flooding [1,2]
This study proposes a flood reduction method for the Oncheon River involving the construction of an underground waterway to the Hoedong Dam to carry excess discharge
This study proposed methods to minimize damage during abnormal rainfall caused by flooding on the Suyeong and Oncheon, two important urban rivers in Busan, Korea

Summary

Introduction

Heavy rains have occurred frequently due to abnormal weather conditions, and the increase in areas impervious to rainfall due to urbanization is increasing the damage caused by urban flooding [1,2]. Major heavy rains in the summers of 2014 and 2020 caused deaths and extensive flood damage in Busan and nearby areas. In these years, Busan suffered rainfall of about 244 mm and 205 mm, respectively. Various studies on urban flood management have been undertaken. Hoang et al discussed methodologies for evaluating benefit profiles and benefit intensity, and commented on benefit dependencies for urban flood management utilizing green infrastructure [3]

Methods

Findings

Discussion

Conclusion