Abstract

Korean Abstract: 본 연구는 은퇴가구의 경제상태 만족도와 은퇴생활 만족도에 대해 재무적, 비재무적 요인에 따른 차이와 영향요인을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 국민연금연구원의 국민노후보장패널조사 5차년도(2013년) 자료를 활용하였으며, 동거하는 여타가구원이 없는 1인 또는 2인 은퇴가구만을 연구대상으로 하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 은퇴가구는 자산 중 부동산의 비율이 87.0%에 이르는 부동산 집중형 자산구조를 가지고 있었고, 소득의 경우 이전소득의 비중이 66.1% (공적이전소득 42.3%, 사적이전소득 23.8%)를 보였다. 둘째, 가구주가 여자인 경우보다 남자인 경우가, 배우자가 있는 경우가, 교육수준이 높을수록, 자가거주인 경우가 경제상태와 은퇴생활 만족도가 높았다. 셋째, 자산의 종류와 상관없이 자산을 보유한 가구가, 자산규모가 클수록 경제상태 만족도와 은퇴생활 만족도가 높았고, 소득의 경우에는 자산소득 보유가구가 미보유가구보다 경제상태 만족도와 은퇴생활 만족도가 높았으나, 공적이전 소득의 경우에는 미보유가구의 만족도가 높았다. 다만 소득규모를 상중하로 나누어 분석하였을 때 대부분 소득상위 집단의 만족도가 높게 나타났다. 다른 요인의 영향력을 통제한 상태에서의 각 변수들의 영향력을 살펴보면, 공적이전소득(β=.206)이 경제상태 만족도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 자산소득 보유여부, 금융자산, 부동산자산의 순이었다. 은퇴생활 만족도에 미치는 영향요인으로는 공적이전소득(β=.073)이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 자산소득, 부동산자산 순으로 나타났다. 분석에 포함한 비재무적 요인 변수 모두가 은퇴생활 만족도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤는데, 여가활동 만족도(β=.401)가 은퇴생활 만족도에 월등히 높은 영향력을 보였고, 다음으로 경제상태 만족도(β=.220), 건강상태 만족도(β=.155), 친구관계 만족도(β=.093), 가족관계 만족도(β=.079)의 순이었다. Korean Abstract: This study investigated financial status and life satisfaction of retired households and the factors on those. The sample included single retired and coupled retired households with no family member living with. For this, 2013 Survey of Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS) conducted by National Pension Research Institute was used. Various types of assets, income, expenditures were considered as financial status variables. Also some satisfaction variables were used as possible factors on life satisfaction of retired households. The main results were summarized as follows: 1) In retired-households, real estate property was a major part of total household assets(87.0%). Transfer income was almost 2/3 of total income. 42.4% of transfer income was from public side and 23.8% from private side. 2) Male-headed households had higher life satisfaction than female-headed households. Coupled households had higher than single households. Households with higher educated households were more satisfied with their life than others. Retirees living in their own home were also more likely to have higher life satisfaction than others. (3) The households with more assets on various types of assets tended to have more satisfaction on both economic status and life, and the households having real asset income and money income did to have more on both. On the other hand, the households with less transfer income appeared to have higher life satisfaction than others, which might be interpreted as poor households tended to be more dependent on transfer income. The life satisfaction of upper income group was generally higher than that of lower income groups. (4) With other factors to be constant, public transfer income had the biggest influence on economic satisfaction followed by income from property, real estate/total asset, real estate. Life satisfaction of retired households was associated with public transfer income, income from property, and real estate. Also Satisfactions with family relationship, friendship, leisure activities, and health were found to be crucial factors on life satisfaction.

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