Abstract
호생관 최북(1712~?)은 조선 후기를 대표하는 화가였으며 문장과 글씨, 그림이 모두 기이하다고 스스로 자부할 정도로 뛰어난 기량과 자존의식을 갖춘 화가이다. 최북의 교유관계에서 주목되는 것은 당시 정치권력에서 일정하게 소외된 여주 이씨를 비롯한 남인계 지식인들과 함께 시서화를 애호했거나 정서적으로 공감대를 형성했다는 점이다. 조선 후기는 보편적인 가치의 실현을 강조한 성리학이 시대 변화의 요구를 수용하는 데 한계점을 드러내고 양명학의 수용과 파급으로 인간의 욕망과 개성을 추구하는 사유가 확대되었던 시기라고 할 수 있다. 나아가 창작활동에서 미학적 인식의 변화는 필연적이라고 할 수 있다. 心學的 미의식의 사유는 主體心이 핵심이라고 할 수 있는바, 이는 최북의 서화세계에 있어 창작과 예술정신에 근원이 되고 있다. 게다가 최북은 타고난 신분적 차별에 의한 울분과 사회에 대한 날카로운 비판력이 창작을 통해 투철한 자아의식으로 투영되었다. 최북의 행적을 보면 사대부에게 버금가거나 그 이상인 절개와 지조로 묘사되는 奇節을 엿볼 수 있다. 또한 그의 진취적 기상과 체제에 안주하지 않는 의지가 작품에 투영되어 초탈하고 자유분방하며 구속됨이 없어 氣格이 高逸하고 放逸한 畵境을 이루었다. 그는 서체에 있어서도 草書와 行草에 능해 창작을 통해 放逸의 경지를 체현함으로써 당시의 구태의연한 규범과 가치를 초월하고자 했다. 따라서 최북의 서화세계에 있어 심학적 미의식은 주체적이고 자유로운 감정의 표출을 생명으로 하는 미의식을 촉발시켰으며, 새로운 근대지향적 미의식의 단초를 제공하였다.Hosaenggwan Choi-Buk (1712-?) was one of the greatest painters from the late Joseon period. He was born in the family of jungin, but became a painter with skills that were as outstanding as those of any sadaebu (scholar-official). What was remarkable about Choi-Buk’s friendships and companionships was that Choi favored poetry, calligraphy, and paintings along with and formed emotional connections with intellectuals of the Namin factions, including the Yeoju Lee family, who had been constantly alienated and excluded from political power. The late Joseon period was an era in which the essence of subjectivity shifted from “human nature” (性) to “human affection” (情) following the acceptance and spread of Yangmyeonghak (Yangming studies). Therefore, the shift in aesthetic consciousness manifested in creative activity was inevitable. Furthermore, subjectivity (主體心) was essential to reflections on aesthetic consciousness as practical ethics, which formed the basis of creation and artistic mindset in the calligraphic world of Choi-Buk. Moreover, Choi-Buk’s resentment towards discrimination based on class and his sharp criticism of society were reflected in his creations with a clear sense of self-consciousness. Choi-Buk’s creations indicate an incredible “kijeol” (奇節) meaning integrity and fidelity, which matched or even surpassed that of any sadaebu (scholar-official). His works reflected his progressive spirit and determination to never stay content with the establishment, transcending and free from worldly constraints. He created paintings of “heedlessness” (放逸) that showed his extraordinary personality and elegance. As for calligraphy, Choi-Buk was a competent writer of cursive script (草書) and semi-cursive script (行草) and, by representing the stage of “heedlessness” through creative activity, he intended to transcend the obsolete norms and values of that period. Thus, aesthetic consciousness as practical ethics in the calligraphy of Choi-Buk encouraged a subjective and free expression of emotion and provided the foundation for new and modern aesthetic consciousness.
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