A study on seroprevalence of dengue viral infection using IgM antibody capture ELISA for the Early diagnosis in Kalaburagi district, North-Eastern part of Karnataka, India

Abstract

Introduction: Dengue is an acute viral illness caused by RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae and spread by Aedes mosquitoes which occur mainly in four closely related serotypes (DENV1- 4). It has developed into emergent threat in the India and Karnataka state now. The most challenging difficulty associated with patient administration in dengue infection is early diagnosis. Objective: To determine the Prevalence of Dengue infection in the Kalaburagi district by serological test IgM ELISA. The detection of Immunoglobulin IgM is the core method for the laboratory diagnosis of dengue. The present study considered the relevance of a screening test for dengue pertaining to new cases and assessment of the epidemic attack rate. Materials and Methods: This evocative study was conducted at our Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences hospital, Kalaburagi for the period between January to December 2018. Serum samples were collected from suspected dengue patients attended in and out patient department, Sera were analysed by ELISA test for the presence of dengue IgM antibodies. Results: Over the study period, out of 1,807 samples, 123 were showed positive for dengue virus infection. Both male 61(49.59%) and female 62 (50.40%) patients predominantly affected. The positive peak values were noticed between April to December 2018. The most positivity was observed between the age group of 1-20 years. Conclusion: the present results revealed that the study region is epidemic for dengue viral infection and there is an urgent need for the constant monitoring to control further spreading of the infection in the community, hence serological test have important role in the early diagnosis. Therefore IgM ELISA is recommended in all the suspected dengue patients so as to instigate essential treatment and assessment of morbidity and mortality rate during an outbreak. Keywords: IgM ELISA, Dengue viral infection, Aedes aegypti.