A Study on Emissions from Drayage Trucks in the Port City-Focusing on the Port of Incheon

Lee Lee,Pham Pham,Kim Kim

doi:10.3390/su11195358

Abstract

As a result of growing international trade, port-related emission is a spreading issue for urban areas located near ports, especially, hub port cities where population density is concentrated. The awareness of rapidly increasing drayage trucks moving cargo between the port and its hinterland has motivated the necessity of a detailed look at negative environmental impacts of these truck fleets on the achievement of sustainability goals. This study analyzes emission inventory from trucking activities around the Port of Incheon (POI), especially focusing on major air pollutants, and suggests ideas to support establishing new policies in port area. Data on the number of truck, the year of production, the type of fuel, etc. during 2018 were collected from Incheon Port Security and Korea Transport Safety Authority. A bottom-up methodology is applied based on guideline from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). As results, the major role of drayage truck fleets to local air pollution was highlighted with the high contribution of CO and NOx emissions. Hence, this study suggested the establishment of Emission Control Area (ECA) and Affected Zone on the landside as well as implementing Integrated Information System and Truck Appointment System to reduce congestion at gate, limit the number of emissions and minimize negative impacts to local community.

Highlights

In recent decades, urbanization has pushed up population concentration and economic growth in urban cities
Road-based transportation systems in urban areas are developed and expanded quickly to support increasing unavoidable levels of logistics demand of inhabitants and resident businesses. This rapid development and the complexity of freight movement bring about a range of serious socio-economic and environmental impacts including increasing urban congestion and pollutions
nitrogen oxides (NOx) was the principal source of air pollutants with a share of 69% of the total amount of emissions in tons, followed by CO with 18% of the total weight, while SOx and NH3 emissions showed a minor share each

Summary

Introduction

Urbanization has pushed up population concentration and economic growth in urban cities. High population density has made the cities become center nodes for consumption and production. The flows of urban freight are transported between major land uses as manufacturing sites, warehouses and retail facilities through supply networks. Road-based transportation systems in urban areas are developed and expanded quickly to support increasing unavoidable levels of logistics demand of inhabitants and resident businesses. This rapid development and the complexity of freight movement bring about a range of serious socio-economic and environmental impacts including increasing urban congestion and pollutions (i.e., air, noise). These impacts have been affecting severely to local community’s health and life quality, preventing cities achieving sustainability, and contributing significantly to thinking that “cities are not safe”, driving sub-urban relocation trend [1], at a global scale, there are recognized as principal contributors to climate change effects [2]

Objectives

Results

Conclusion