A STUDY ON CHRONIC EFFECT OF PROFENOFOS ON ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITIES AND PROTEIN CONTENTS IN VARIOUS TISSUES IN MAJOR CARPS

Abstract

Background: Pesticides widely used for agricultural purposes are carbamates, organophosphates as well as organochlorines. Among
 these pesticides, organochlorine compounds have been extensively used to control disease vectors as well as agricultural pests. The
 objective of this experiment was to study the chronic effect of a commercial formulation of profenofos on acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
 and butylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity in various tissues in Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings was
 investigated.
 Materials and Methods: Healthy fingerlings of Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala with an average body length 90±6 mm
 and 30.00±2.00 g body weight were collected from the fish seed hatchery and brought to the laboratory. Fishes were maintained in 70
 litter glass aquaria (27 ± 1oC, 2.70–2.80 ms and 8.85–9.40 pH). The fingerlings of Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala were
 exposed to the 3 sub lethal concentrations of profenofos (0.038, 0.019, 0.012; 0.06, 0.03, 0.02 and 0.041, 0.020 and 0.013 mg/L) for 8
 weeks. The control experiments were also performed with the addition of carrier solvent alone. Acetylcholinesterase and
 butyrylcholinesterase level were estimated according to the methodology of Ellman et al. (1961) and Kuster (2005). Total soluble
 proteins were determined by the Bradford (1976) standard method to assess enzymatic activity of the protein.
 Results: The least activity of AChE was recorded in muscle samples of Catla catla (1.07±0.040 μmoles/min/g of protein), exposed to the
 highest concentration of profenofos. BuChE activity was also reduced against various concentrations of profenofos. The AChE and
 BuChE activity was significantly inhibited even when exposed to a minimum concentration of this insecticide. Profenofos exposure
 affected the functioning of brain, blood, gills, muscle, kidneys and liver. We concluded that profenofos caused more inhibition in the
 liver for AChE and BuChE compared to other tissues.
 Conclusion: It has been concluded that profenofos is very highly toxic to the C. catla, L. rohita and C. mrigala fingerlings, but further
 studies are required to assign a certain level of toxicity to the said pesticide. Considering the high toxicity of profenofos, it is suggested to
 handle the profenofos carefully using all the precautionary measures in order to minimize the harmful effects on non-target organisms.