A Study of the Nutritional Status and Dietary Intake of Lactating Women in Umuahia, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: The lactation period is a major source of concern in developing countries because of its positive impact on the health and nutrition of children. Adequate nutrition for the mothers is therefore important for their good health as well as for that of their offspring. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess nutritional status of lactating women in Umuahia, Nigeria. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 240 randomly selected women attending post natal clinics with their infants (0-6 months) in four health facilitates in Umuahia North Local Government Area (LGA) of Abia State, Nigeria. A structured, validated and pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain information on socioeconomic characteristics. Body Mass Index (BMI) was used to assess nutritional status by taking height and weight measurements using standard procedures. Dietary intake was assessed using 24 hour recall and a validated food frequency questionnaire. Mean nutrient intake was calculated and expressed as percentages of FAO/WHO recommended values. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine association between BMI and nutrient intake. Results: Majority of the women (71.30%) were in the age range of 26-35yrs and had a total family monthly income >N20,000 (85%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 52.10 and 18.30%, respectively. Cereals/cereal based dishes (1430) and leafy/non leafy vegetables (1079) were consumed more frequently while legumes were less frequently consumed on a daily basis. Energy (2279.01±446.79kcal), protein (50.02±12.23g), calcium (339.21±186.35mg) and vitamin A (698.52±615.50 µgRE) intake were lower than recommendations. No significant correlation was found between BMI and energy intake (p=0.793). Conclusion: Intake of some essential nutrients was lower than recommendations. Intervention programs such as nutrition education and dietary diversity should be emphasized during antenatal and lactation period to improve better health and nutrition outcomes.