Abstract
The (3+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger equation with linear and parabolic traps is studied, and an exact Kuznetsov–Ma soliton solution in certain parameter conditions is derived. These precise expressions indicate that diffraction and chirp factors influence phase, center and widths, while the gain/loss parameter only affects peaks. By adjusting the relation between the maximum accumulated time Tm and the accumulated time T0 based on maximum amplitude of Kuznetsov–Ma soliton, postpone, maintenance and restraint of superposed Kuznetsov–Ma solitons are investigated.
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