Abstract
A number of bentonite samples and their constituents were studied as a function of composition and the annealing temperature using X-ray, Mossbauer and ESR spectroscopy. The main clay minerals in bentonites are montmorillonites, which display in MS three ferric doublets and one ferrous doublet indicating iron occupation in cis and trans OH octahedral sites and in tetrahedral sites. Haematite particles were detected in some samples prefired above 900 °C. Several mineralogical transformations were identified in samples annealed in the temperature region below 1200 °C. The presence of isolated ferric and Mn(II) ions was confirmed by ESR spectra.
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