Abstract
One of the instrumental factors contributing towards the GDP of any country is human capital and for a progressive human capital, the main resource is physical and mental health. Females constitute approximately 48% of population of Pakistan, out of which a great number suffer from nutritional deficiency anemia at their reproductive age, which results in an unhealthy child. This study is designed to find the socioeconomic factors that lead to anemia among expecting women. The research design for this study is case control where data was collected from two groups; control group (non-anemic pregnant women) and case group (anemic pregnant women) registered in the Basic Health Unit (BHU) from different areas of Peshawar. Collected data was analyzed using binary logistic regression. Findings revealed that monthly income of household, independent members or number of employed members of the family, gap between children, non-staple food consumption and supplements continuity have significant inverse relationship with anemia, indicating that increase in mentioned variables will decrease the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women of rural areas. The study concluded that anemia being a common grievance amongst pregnant women is mostly caused by low level of monthly income, family size with lower number of employed members, low frequency of non-staple food consumption per week, lack of continuity of iron supplements and poor health seeking behavior. Awareness regarding attainment of education irrespective of gender, government focus on health promotion interventions and more job opportunities can improve health conditions and socioeconomic status of women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Highlights
The word ‘Anemia’ is derived from two Greek words ‘an’ means ‘without’ and ‘haima’ means ‘blood’
It is apparent from the table that total number of children, family size and dependent members of anemic pregnant mothers are greater from nonanemic pregnant mothers
The Cox and Snell R2indicates that 59.4% of the variation in the dependent variable anemia was explained by the explanatory variables while Nagelkerke R2, which is 0.739, indicates that 73.9% of the variability in the dependent variable anemia was explained by the explanatory variables
Summary
The word ‘Anemia’ is derived from two Greek words ‘an’ means ‘without’ and ‘haima’ means ‘blood’. It was called ‘anaimia’ meaning without blood till late 18th century. In the early 19th century via modern Latin it came to be called as ‘anemia.’ Red blood cells ( called erythrocytes or RBC’s) contains a special protein called ‘hemoglobin’ which helps to carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and returns carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs so that it can be exhaled. Anemia diminishes the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen to different organs of human body due to which an individual faces pallor and weariness, (American Society of Hematology, 2017; World Health Organization, 1992). There are more than 400 types of anemia, which are divided into three groups
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