Abstract
Introduction: Bipolar disorders (BDs) are comorbid with other psychiatric disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is often associated with a number of psychiatric comorbidities. Many symptoms related to ADHD are frequently misdiagnosed as being caused by other psychiatric disorders, leading to incomplete treatment. Hence, this study was planned to assess psychiatric comorbidities in BD with and without ADHD. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 euthymic BD patients were recruited. They were screened for childhood ADHD (cADHD) symptoms and adult ADHD (aADHD) symptoms by the Wender Utah Rating Scale for the ADHD and aADHD Self-Report Screening Scale for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. These were divided into three groups: Group 1 included BD patients without ADHD, Group 2 included bipolar patients with comorbid BD-aADHD, and Group 3 included bipolar patients who had a diagnosis of BD-cADHD. Results: The BD-aADHD group showed significantly higher associated comorbidity than the BD-cADHD and BD-only groups. The presence of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and alcohol use disorder is significantly higher in the BD-aADHD and BD-cADHD groups than the BD-only group. Conclusion: The presence of lifetime ADHD comorbidity is associated with a greater frequency of other comorbid conditions associated with a worse course of BD and a greater burden of other psychiatric comorbid conditions.
Published Version
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