A Study of Empress Wu Zetian’s Religious Convictions Based on Stone Inscriptions

Abstract

Abstract: First published in 1974, the article by Jao Tsung-i translated here offers a nuanced perspective on the religious beliefs of the Tang dynasty’s Empress Wu Zhao. Through meticulous analysis of stone inscriptions, Jao reveals the depth and sincerity of Wu Zhao’s various engagements with Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism throughout her life and challenges both traditional narratives that paint her as a mere opportunist as well as revisionist narratives that paint her as sincerely and primarily committed to Buddhism. The translator’s introduction and annotations provide context for understanding the significance of Jao’s article and its place within the broader context of contemporary Wu Zhao scholarship. This article sheds light on the complex interplay of religion and politics around one of China’s most important and enigmatic historical figures.