Abstract
This study on EFL argumentative strategies explores factors other than cultural transfer that affect the choice of organizational pattern by means of analyzing and comparing 640 L1 and L2 argumentative essays, of many different topics, recently written by 470 Japanese and 170 non-Japanese students. As a result, it was found that one influential factor that affected the choice of organizational pattern was the nature of the question as a topic, overpowering other factors such as cultural transfer and educational effects. Four types of question-topics were identified. Also, four formulas expressing the relationship between the nature of the question-topics and the choice of organizational pattern are proposed. These formulas are based on the relationship between the question as a topic and its answer as a thesis statement. Since this relationship is not a cultural but a logical feature, these formulas are applicable to both L1 and L2 argumentative essays.
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