Abstract
The incipient faults which mainly occur due to the electric arc occurrence in the power cables with insulation defects are hardly detectable by the conventional protective relays, and over time can develop into a permanent fault in the system. Employing Kalman filter, this paper puts forward a method to detect the incipient faults and to discriminate them from other similar incidents in the power system. The proposed method is established on the comparison between the waveform of the measured voltage and fundamental component of the measured voltage, estimated by Kalman filter algorithm in the sending end of the cable during the fault. Employing the difference between the measured and estimated waveforms, the incipient fault detection and discrimination are carried out within two stages. In the first stage, event detection is relegalized by comparing the standard deviation of the obtained error with a certain threshold. The second stage is conducted to find the incipient fault based on the non-attenuating characteristic and quasi-periodic nature of the incipient fault. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified through computer simulation using four different electric arc models and also the acquired experimental data from real incipient faults.
Highlights
This paper presents a new method for incipient fault detection in underground power cables
The stability of the power systems and their protection against un desired events is highly important in nowadays power networks
One of the most important issues threatening the power networks’ continuity of operation is the incipient fault phenomenon. These faults mainly occur in the splices of the underground cables, due to the mechanical stress of the cable insulation or the atmospheric conditions
Summary
The protection of the power networks against undesirable events, and increasing their reliability for continuity of operation has always been an important issue concerning the capability of power systems to deliver power. The incipient faults, due to their short duration [1], mark an example for the group of faults that the conventional protective relays are unable to detect. These faults mainly occur due to electrical arcing in the sec tions of power cables with insulation defects [2]. Reoccurring with proportionately increased frequency characteristic by occurrence [1,2], the incipient faults can over time destroy the insulation of the cable, and turn into a permanent fault in the system [3,4]. Considering the low duration of the incipient faults and their low amplitude, the conventional protective relays are not capable of detecting these faults [2]. - Predicting the required proceedings before a complete power outage - Determination and replacement of the faulty section before a permanent fault
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