Abstract
A feedback class-C VCO with constant amplitude control is presented in this letter. Its dual-loop topology helps to stabilize amplitude and ensure startup robustness over process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations. Besides, this VCO facilitates a direct amplitude calibration method to find optimal point for different applications. A prototype VCO is implemented in a 0.18 $\mu$ m CMOS process. Measurement shows the VCO has a 4.55–5.16 GHz frequency tuning range and a phase noise of ${-}123.3$ dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from a 5 GHz carrier with a 2.78 mW power consumption. The FOM is ${-}192.8$ dBc/Hz.
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