A Stable and Energy Efficient Zone based Cooperative Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract

Background/Objectives: In the current work, a new zone based and energy-efficient cooperative routing protocol is presented by equally distributes the load of network among all nodes by establishing zones; separation of zones depends on the directions that address some of the requirements of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Methods/Statistical Analysis: Based on the analysis, cooperative communication improves the reliability and can be made the network topology more energy-efficient and stable. Reduction in the Transmission Time (TT) from source to destination by using Cluster Coordinates (CCOs) in inter-cluster and relay nodes in intra-cluster communication helps to prolong the network lifetime. The primary problem with existing solutions is the location of the Base Station (BS) increases transmission load upon Cluster Head (CH) which is nearby to the BS, so cluster depletes energy earlier as compared to others. Findings: The performance of proposed protocol is tested for dead nodes, alive nodes and packet send to BS. In homogeneous scenario, the results reveal that proposed Zone based Cooperative Routing Protocol (ZCRP) performs better in terms of energyefficiency and stability as compared to Chain based Cooperative Routing Protocol (CBCCP), Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Stable Electron Protocol (SEP). Application/Improvements: Based on the performance of ZCRP, this can be beneficial for those real time applications where data delivered on time is essential like Border surveillance, healthcare systems and many others.