Abstract
The building sector accounts for more than 40% of the global energy consumption. This consumption may be lowered by reducing building energy requirements and using renewable energy in building energy supply systems. Therefore, a nearly zero-energy building, incorporating a solar heating and cooling system, was designed and built in Beijing, China. The system included a 35.17 kW cooling (10-RT) absorption chiller, an evacuated tube solar collector with an aperture area of 320.6 m2, two hot-water storage tanks (with capacities of 10 m3 and 30 m3, respectively), two cold-water storage tanks (both with a capacity of 10 m3), and a 281 kW cooling tower. Heat pump systems were used as a backup. At a value of 25.2%, the obtained solar fraction associated with the cooling load was close to the design target of 30%. In addition, the daily solar collector efficiency and the chiller coefficient of performance (COP) varied from 0.327 to 0.507 and 0.49 to 0.70, respectively.
Highlights
The building sector accounts for more than 40% of the global energy consumption [1]
The results showed that in the case of the parabolic trough solar collectors (PTC), the energy costs for cooling are (i) similar to those of flat plate solar collectors (FPC) and (ii) lower than
The solar heating and cooling system (SHCS) was evaluated via operating parameters, which were recorded over a few days
Summary
The building sector accounts for more than 40% of the global energy consumption [1]. The total energy consumption of Chinese buildings (i.e., 16 billion tons of standard coal) accounts for 20.7% of the total national end energy consumption [2]. Fresh air and sunlight are necessary for people inside the building and ( resulting in energy consumption for cooling) helpful in lowering the heating requirement, respectively. The SCHS consists of six circuits, namely, the solar collecting circuit, heat storage circuit, heat to absorption chiller circuit, supply heat/cold energy to building circuit, underground heat exchanger circuit, and cooling tower circuit. From summer to the heating season, the cooling energy from the absorption chiller was used to cool the fresh air of the building. While the cooling energy from the absorption chiller cannot meet the load requirement, the heat pumps start. Based on the load requirement, the energy from the cooling tower and underground pipe heat exchangers supplies cooling energy to the building through this exchanger This reduces the cost of cooling with marginal pump power consumption. The energy consumption monitoring system consisted of 68 electricity meters, 40 heat meters, and two water meters
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