Abstract
One of the most successfully procedures used to increase the production of t-resveratrol in Vitis vinifera suspension-cultured cells is the application of cyclodextrins (CDs) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) as elicitors. In particular, β-CDs are characterized by their chemical structure which makes them special, not only by acting as elicitors, but also because they are compounds capable of trapping high added-value hydrophobic molecules such as t-resveratrol. However, the use of β-CDs as elicitors increases the production costs of this compound, making their industrial exploitation economically unfeasible. Therefore, the development of β-CDs recovery strategies is necessary to provide a viable solution to their industrial use. In this work, carboxymethylated and hydroxypropylated β-CDs have been used to form polymers using epichlorohydrin (EPI) as a cross-linking agent. The polymers were coated to Fe3O4 nanoparticles and were jointly used with MJ to elicit V. vinifera suspension-cultured cells. Once elicitation experiments were finished, a magnet easily allowed the recovery of polymers, and t-resveratrol was extracted from them by using ethyl acetate. The results indicated that the production of t-resveratrol in the presence of free carboxymethyl-β-CDs was much lower than that found in the presence of carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrins-EPI polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles. In addition, the maximal levels of t-resveratrol were found at 168 h of elicitation in the presence of 15 g/L hydroxypropyl-β-CDs polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles and MJ, and non-t-resveratrol was found in the extracellular medium, indicating that all the t-resveratrol produced by the cells and secreted into the culture medium was trapped by the polymer and extracted from it. This work also showed that polymers can be regenerated and reused during three cycles of continuous elicitation since the induction and adsorption capacity of hydroxypropyl-β-CDs polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles after these cycles of elicitation remained high, allowing high concentrations of t-resveratrol to be obtained.
Highlights
The high nutritional, medicinal and economic value of the secondary metabolites that plants synthesize makes these compounds of great importance for cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries [1]
Of the most successfully used elicitors to increase the production of t-resveratrol in Vitis vinifera cell cultures, cyclodextrins (CDs) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) stand out [4,5,6,7]
In this work, carboxymethylated and hydroxypropylated β-CDs have been used to form polymers using epichlorohydrin (EPI) as a cross-linking agent, and the polymers were coated with Fe3 O4 nanoparticles and jointly used with MJ to elicit V. vinifera suspension-cultured cells in order to increase the production of t-resveratrol, and these polymeric CDs coated with magnetic nanoparticles were recovered to give a viable solution to their industrial use
Summary
The high nutritional, medicinal and economic value of the secondary metabolites that plants synthesize makes these compounds of great importance for cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries [1]. The treatment of plant in vitro cultures with CDs and their derivatives increases the production of secondary metabolites such as t-resveratrol and other antioxidant compounds, enhancing the capability of plant in vitro cultures to produce high levels of different bioactive compounds which have human health beneficial properties [16,17]. In this work, carboxymethylated and hydroxypropylated β-CDs have been used to form polymers using epichlorohydrin (EPI) as a cross-linking agent, and the polymers were coated with Fe3 O4 nanoparticles and jointly used with MJ to elicit V. vinifera suspension-cultured cells in order to increase the production of t-resveratrol, and these polymeric CDs coated with magnetic nanoparticles were recovered to give a viable solution to their industrial use
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