A single spark model for PSR J2144−3933

Abstract

ABSTRACT The partially screened vacuum gap model (PSG) for the inner acceleration region in normal radio pulsars, a variant of the pure vacuum gap model, attempts to account for the observed thermal X-ray emission from polar caps and the subpulse drifting time-scales. We have used this model to explain the presence of death lines and extreme location of PSR J2144−3933 in the $P{-}\dot{P}$ diagram. This model requires maintaining the polar cap near a critical temperature and the presence of non-dipolar surface magnetic field to form the inner acceleration region. In the PSG model, thermostatic regulation is achieved by sparking discharges, which are a feature of all vacuum gap models. We demonstrate that non-dipolar surface magnetic field reduces polar cap area in PSR J2144−3933 such that only one spark can be produced and is sufficient to sustain the critical temperature. This pulsar has a single-component profile over a wide frequency range. Single-pulse polarimetric observations and the rotating vector model confirm that the observer’s line of sight traverses the emission beam centrally. These observations are consistent with a single spark operating within framework of the PSG model leading to single-component emission. Additionally, single-pulse modulations of this pulsar, including lack of subpulse drifting, presence of single-period nulls and microstructure, are compatible with a single spark either in PSG or in general vacuum gap models.