Abstract
The unprecedented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has created a worldwide public health emergency, and there is an urgent need to develop an effective vaccine to control this severe infectious disease. Here, we find that a single vaccination with a replication-defective human type 5 adenovirus encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (Ad5-nCoV) protect mice completely against mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 infection in the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Additionally, a single vaccination with Ad5-nCoV protects ferrets from wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection in the upper respiratory tract. This study suggests that the mucosal vaccination may provide a desirable protective efficacy and this delivery mode is worth further investigation in human clinical trials.
Highlights
The unprecedented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has created a worldwide public health emergency, and there is an urgent need to develop an effective vaccine to control this severe infectious disease
The E1/E3 deleted replication-defective Ad5 encoding full-length S led by the tissue plasminogen activator signal peptide (Ad5-nCoV) was confirmed as a vaccine candidate (Fig. 1a, b)
S-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibody, antiSARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibody (NAb), IgA and cellular immune responses were detected in each group
Summary
The unprecedented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has created a worldwide public health emergency, and there is an urgent need to develop an effective vaccine to control this severe infectious disease. We find that a single vaccination with a replication-defective human type 5 adenovirus encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (Ad5nCoV) protect mice completely against mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 infection in the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Some COVID-19 vaccine candidates, including that based on inactivated vaccine, a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine and a DNA vaccine, can significantly inhibit virus replication and protect non-human primates from SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia[2,3,4]. It may be easier for these vaccine candidates to protect against lower respiratory tract disease than against upper respiratory tract disease in challenge tests[2,3,4]. The induction of antibodies, T-cell responses and protective efficacy of Ad5-nCoV against SARS-CoV-2 challenge following intramuscular and intranasal immunizations in wildtype BALB/c mice and ferrets have been examined
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