Abstract
Electrodialysis (ED) uses electric energy to conduct the desalination, while bipolar membrane reverse electrodialysis (BMRED) converts the chemical energy containing in acids and alkalis into electric energy. Here, a novel membrane stack (BMRED-ED) based on BMRED and ED was designed to realize the simultaneous energy self-sufficient desalination and energy output process. The stack was studied in two different operation modes systematically. Results of the open-loop operation mode demonstrate that the maximum power density (Pd,max) can obtain a highest value of 4.53 W·m−2, and the maximal average apparent permeability (α) between the open circuit voltage (OCV) and theoretical electromotive force (EMF) is 92.23 %. Results of the closed-loop operation mode indicate that the final desalination ratio (ξdel) can attain as high as 89.57 %, and the corresponding energy utilization ratios of the desalination (ηdes) and the energy output (ηout) are 0.90 % and 14.00 %, respectively. Moreover, the effect of desalinated salt solution concentrations and discharging current densities on the closed-loop operation performance are much more remarkable than that of cation species in the alkali and salt solutions. This work provides a feasible and competitive strategy for simultaneous energy self-sufficient desalination and energy output.
Published Version
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