A simulation of current focusing and steering with penetrating optic nerve electrodes

Abstract

Objective. Current focusing and steering are both widely used to shape the electric field and increase the number of distinct perceptual channels in neural stimulation, yet neither technique has been used for an optic nerve (ON)-based visual prosthesis. In order to evaluate the effects of current focusing and steering in penetrative stimulation, we built an integrated computational model to simulate and investigate the influence of stimulating parameters on ON fibre recruitment. Approach. Finite element models with extremely fine meshes were first established to compute the 3D electric potential distribution under different stimulating parameters. Then the external electric potential was fed to randomized multi-compartment cable models to predict the distribution of fibres generating an action potential. Finally a statistical process was conducted to quantify the recruitment region. Main results. The simulation results show that a two-electrode mode is superior to a three-electrode mode in current steering. The three-electrode mode performs poorly in current focusing, albeit the localized recruitment from both configurations implies that current focusing might be unnecessary in penetrative ON stimulation. Significance. This study provides useful information for the optimized design of penetrating ON electrodes and stimulating strategies. The Monte Carlo style computation paradigm is designed to simulate neural responses of an ensemble of ON fibres, which can be immediately transferred to other similar problems.