A Simulation-Based Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Prevention Strategies for Visitors of Healthcare Institutions

Abstract

ObjectivesThe aim is to quantitatively evaluate different infection prevention strategies in the context of hospital visitor management during pandemics and to provide a decision support system for strategic and operational decisions based on this evaluation. MethodsA simulation-based cost-effectiveness analysis is applied to the data of a university hospital in Southern Germany and published COVID-19 research. The performance of different hospital visitor management strategies is evaluated by several decision-theoretic methods with varying objective functions. ResultsAppropriate visitor restrictions and infection prevention measures can reduce additional infections and costs caused by visitors of healthcare institutions by >90%. The risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by visitors of terminal care (ie, palliative care) patients can be reduced almost to 0 if appropriate infection prevention measures are implemented. Antigen tests do not seem to be beneficial from both a cost and an effectiveness perspective. ConclusionsHospital visitor management is crucial and effectively prevents infections while maintaining cost-effectiveness. For terminal care patients, visitor restrictions can be omitted if appropriate infection prevention measures are taken. Antigen testing plays a subordinate role, except in the case of a pure focus on additional infections caused by visitors of healthcare institutions. We provide decision support to authorities and hospital visitor managers to identify appropriate visitor restriction and infection prevention strategies for specific local conditions, incidence rates, and objectives.