A Simple Observer for Gyro and Accelerometer Biases in Land Navigation Systems

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In various applications of land vehicle navigation and automatic guidance systems, Global Navigation Satellite System/Inertial Measurement Unit (GNSS/IMU) positioning performance crucially depends on the attitude determination accuracy affected by gyro and accelerometer bias instabilities. Traditional bias estimation approaches based on the Kalman filter suffer from implementation complexity and require non-intuitive tuning procedures. In this paper we propose, as an alternative, a simple observer that estimates inertial sensor biases exclusively in terms of quantities with obvious geometrical meaning. By this, any multidimensional vector-matrix operations are avoided and observer tuning is substantially simplified. The observer has been successfully tested in a farming vehicle navigation system.