Abstract
Clustering is a promising technique to manage network resources efficiently and, in vehicular communications it is used to group vehicles with similar characteristics managed by a selected vehicle called a Cluster Head (CH). Due to the highly dynamic topology in vehicular networks, a CH selection process becomes a challenging task. Thus, this paper presents a new clustering scheme, namely, Efficient Cluster Head Selection (ECHS) scheme to select the most suitable CHs. The proposed ECHS scheme introduces important conditions pertaining to the methods deployed in constructing clusters before starting the CH selection. For instance, based on the ECHS rules the ideal CH is the one that centralizes the cluster. This is because it will remain connected as long as possible with its neighbors. The ECHS scheme also guarantees proper clustering distribution in the network, so that the distance between two consecutive clusters are adjusted carefully. Such conditions are guaranteed to effectively cluster vehicles in the road and make the ECHS scheme works better than its counterpart. Simulation experiments are conducted to examine the performance of the ECHS and the results demonstrate that the ECHS scheme achieves the design objectives in terms of CH lifetime, Cluster Member Lifetime (CML), Packet Loss Ratio(PLR), Overhead for Clustering(OC), Average Packet Delay (APD), and Cluster Number (CN).
Highlights
Nowadays, shortcomings of the traditional transportation systems are eliminated significantly by employing intelligent Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs)
Due to the rapid development of wireless sensors and Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) [1], VANETs can be integrated with other technologies such as Cloud and Fog computing [2]–[4]
The second one is Vehicleto-Everything (V2X) communication which combines any type of communication between vehicles and infrastructure nodes such as a Road-Side Unit (RSU), a Fog Node, The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Yan Huo
Summary
Shortcomings of the traditional transportation systems are eliminated significantly by employing intelligent Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). (V2X) communication usually helps vehicle to collect information about different zones inside a city to deduct traffic congestions and to discover free-congested roads [8], [9] It is used for controlling and managing virtual and physical traffic light systems [10], [11]. Because a single vehicle has a limited transmission coverage, it cannot maintain a global knowledge for a large-scale and dynamic network as VANETs. clustering technique has been proposed in which V2V communication can be managed by selected vehicles based on certain criteria [12]–[17]. Vehicles that relatively move in the same directions and speeds agree on selecting one CH It serves as a local coordinator between its members, collects and disseminates traffic information.
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