Abstract
A simple and efficient method for somatic embryogenesis of chrysanthemum [Dendranthema × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura] was established. The best result of somatic embryogenesis was obtained with MS medium containing 2.0 mg l-1 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1.0 mg l-1 kinetin. Embryos with roots 1 to 2 mm long gave the highest frequency for conversion of embryos to plantlets. Root meristems appeared to be formed in somatic embryos by 20 days after culture initiation, while the shoot apices formed after replanting in phytohormone-free medium, resulting in a bipolar structure. The embryo-specific ECP63 gene was expressed in the somatic embryos, as in zygotic embryos, confirming that the plant regeneration occurred via embryogenesis. The growth habits and leaf and flower morphology of the regenerated plantlets were normal, but the day of flowering differed from that of cutting controls. The present somatic embryogenesis method was applicable to 8 out of 13 cultivars studied.
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