Abstract
A simple method based on the use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in single particle mode (SP-ICP-MS) has been proposed, for the first time, for the study of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) in complex clinical matrices such as human urine and blood serum. Critical parameters for signal acquisition were optimized to achieve a correct and simultaneous sizing and counting (particle-based in particles L−1 and mass-based in ng L−1) of 50 and 70 nm PtNPs. Different reagents, as tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and/or Triton X-100, and concentrations have been tested to ensure an adequate stabilization and extraction of PtNPs. Finally, TMAH at 1% is demonstrated to be the best reagent to extract the NPs guaranteeing their integrity. No heating or any additional treatment was required, which allows sample preparation, and the overall process, to be simple and fast. Good precisions for size (2% RSD) and particle number and mass concentrations (<1% RSD), and limits of detection of 21.6 nm and 1.9 × 105 particles L−1 were reported. The influence of matrix on the determination of PtNP sizes and number- and mass-based concentrations was evaluated. Particle sizes were in all cases in accordance with values determined by TEM or SEM, whereas recoveries of PtNPs in terms of concentration ranged between 92 and 101%. The stability of PtNP characteristics after 24 h was specifically studied in human urine spiked with PtNPs. Statistically significant differences were only reported for the particle number concentrations of 50 nm PtNPs in female urine samples. The present work will be relevant to understand the behaviour of PtNPs in body fluids and to take appropriate actions in future (pre)clinical trials.
Published Version
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