Abstract

A novel algorithm is described for evaluating the quadrature (that is, the in and out of phase) components of a signal without explicit multiplication. An additional advantage is that it requires the storage of only three values irrespective of the total number of samples analysed. The algorithm thus allows a computer-based impedance spectrometer to measure quadrature components effectively in real time with very high precision. Implementation of this approach requires that the stimulus and sampling frequencies be accurately related via certain integer ratios. A computer-controlled digital synthesizer is described that can produce the necessary signals.

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