A similar ecological development historical city: The study on the spatial distribution and pattern evolution of the planning history of the Manchu city in the Ch'ing Dynasty of Ancient China

Abstract

Ancient China attached great importance to urban ecology, which is reflected in the selection of urban sites conforming to nature and the natural attributes of cities.The rulers of the Ch'ing Dynasty paid full attention to the cities of the Ming Dynasty, took the military as the driving force and paid attention to the urban ecology, and built a large number of military and national cities accordingly. In order to consolidate the monarchy and colonize new territories, the Ch'ing Dynasty implemented the Eight Banners Garrison System and built Manchu cities in the interior and parts of the border areas. This paper is based on the official documents of the Ch'ing Dynasty, investigating the history of overall planning of the Manchu City, gradually collecting and analyzing its analogical biological evolution from the northeast region to the whole nation of the Ch'ing Dynasty. Besides, the paper argues that the spatial pattern of Manchu city is characterized by its hierarchy, defensiveness and connectivity, and summarizes the integrated planning of Manchu city, and reveal the intrinsic correlation between its planning and the changes of territory in the Ch'ing Dynasty. The planning and construction of Manchu cities implied the use of natural and social attributes of historical cities.At the same time, the military and urban planning of the Ch'ing Dynasty also provide useful insights and historical thoughts for homeland space security and land planning nowadays.