Abstract
The traditional hydrothermal synthesis methods are mainly performed under batch operation, which generally takes few days to weeks to yield a zeolite with the desired properties and structure. The zeolites are the backbone of the petrochemical and wastewater industries due to their importance. The commercial methods for zeolite synthesis are expensive, laborious and energy intensive. Among waste products, incense sticks ash is a compound of aluminosilicates and could act as a potential candidate for the synthesis of zeolites for daily needs in these industries. Incense sticks ash is the byproduct of religious places and houses and is rich in Ca, Mg, Al and Si. As a result, incense sticks ash can be proven to be a potential candidate for the formation of calcium-rich zeolites. The formation of zeolites from incense sticks ash is an economical, reliable and eco-friendly method. The application of incense sticks ash for zeolite synthesis can also minimize the problem related to its disposal in the water bodies, which will also minimize the solid waste in countries where it is considered sacred and generated in tons every day.
Highlights
This article is an open access articleIn the last decades the demand for zeolites has increased drastically due to their emerging applications in the petroleum industries, catalyst industries and water-softeners-based industries
incense sticks ash (ISA) could act as a potential candidate for the synthesis of zeolites as few works have reported its chemical composition unlike coal fly ash (CFA) and kaolin or red mud
Zeolites have become the basic demand for all the petroleum, chemical and water softening industries
Summary
In the last decades the demand for zeolites has increased drastically due to their emerging applications in the petroleum industries, catalyst industries and water-softeners-based industries. ISA could act as a potential candidate for the synthesis of zeolites as few works have reported its chemical composition unlike CFA and kaolin or red mud It has been most underestimated in the scientific community, limiting its application to our daily life [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. Zeolite is a porous material with a large surface area and cavities arranged in a basketlike frame [14,17], which are hydrates of aluminosilicates (interlinked tetrahedra of alumina and silica) and bear negative charges on them They have a three-dimensional structure made up of Al, O, Si and other alkaline earth metals (Na, K and Mg) and H2 O molecules. This could prove to be valuable information towards the reduction of solid waste and water pollution arising from the disposal of ISA into water sources
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