Abstract
Antimicrobial resistant organisms are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and have considerable burden on healthcare costs. Antimicrobial discovery was a major breakthrough in the field of infectious diseases and drug discovery until the unexpected rise of antimicrobial resistance which is now a public health threat. Imprudent use of antimicrobials have led to the emergence of microbial resistance strains and favoured microorganisms to successfully exploit every possible resistance mechanisms which includes, but not limited to, genetic mutations, gene pickup, horizontal gene transfer and heterologous expression. They have extended themselves to community settings highlighting the importance of reservoirs of antibiotic resistant microbes in environment. The antimicrobial therapeutic repertoire is also shrinking on a steady pace for present or impossible to treat multidrug resistant infections. This short review briefly discusses the different molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance which allow microbes to exhibit multidrug resistance trait. Prompt actions to limit the emergence and dissemination of multi-drug resistant superbugs through novel therapeutic approaches should be designed.
Highlights
Antibiotics are the class of chemical compounds with a powerful action against disease-causing microorganisms
The therapeutic accomplishments of antibiotics have been jeopardised by the development of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in bacteria
Campylobacter, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), nontyphoidal Salmonella, and Shigella species were investigated for antibiotic resistance
Summary
Antibiotics are the class of chemical compounds with a powerful action against disease-causing microorganisms. The therapeutic paradigm has been revolutionised by the introduction of antimicrobial compounds. The therapeutic accomplishments of antibiotics have been jeopardised by the development of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in bacteria. World Health Organization (WHO) has stated AMR to be the 3rd major public health issue of this century (2014) This short review will describe the mechanism of antibiotic action and how bacteria develop resistance to their effects. It will cover different methods of acquiring resistance trait and will give an informed conclusion supporting the notion that the world might, run out of antibiotics unless specific actions are not promptly taken. Abstracts were reviewed and articles (those with main topic of antimicrobial resistance) were permitted for final manuscript. We reviewed bibliography sections from retrieved articles to identify additional pertinent articles for manuscript
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