A set of sustainable urban landscape indicators and parameters to evaluate urban green open space in Bandung City

Abstract

To improve the environmental quality and to increase citizens’ index of happiness, Bandung City government has built or either rebuilt and revitalized some urban green open spaces, or in popular are known as public park. Until now the government has built hundreds of parks scattered throughout the city of Bandung, ranging from neighbourhood park to city parks. With the availability of many public parks in Bandung, this attract the citizens’ attention, both Bandung’s citizen and surrounding citizen, to having activities at public park as an alternative destination. Based on the current conditions, the development of green open space in Bandung more likely to focus on meet user’s satisfaction and put aside the fulfilment of other function (ecological, health, socio cultural, economy, and aesthetic) as part of the efforts to increase Bandung city urban green open space sustainability. Since the development of green open spaces only expected to accommodate more visitors, this will result in expanding pavement area which potentially reducing the park’s ability to absorb water and reducing existing vegetation. In order to prove that, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of urban green open spaces in Bandung. The evaluation’s aims to value the balance between its aesthetical and social function, with its ecological function. This paper will propose a set of indicators which can be used as a tool to evaluate performance of urban green open space as an effort to increase Bandung city urban green open space sustainability. These indicators were obtained through in-depth research and review of some related literatures, sub indicators which obtained at that stage will combined and modified to appropriate with the Bandung City urban green open space characteristics. There are four main evaluation indicator categories, which are ecology, socio-cultural, health, and economy indicator. These categories of indicator would be developed into sustainable urban landscape sub-indicators and parameters based on sustainable landscape design principles. In the end, these indicators were expected not only to be applied in Bandung City area but also in other cities as well with appropriate adjustment to the city’s character and condition. In the end, these indicators are expected not only can be applied in Bandung City area, but also in other cities, with appropriate adjustments base on the character and condition of the city.