Abstract
One of the basic needs of professional athletes is the real-time and non-invasive monitoring of their activities. The use of these kind of data is necessary to develop strategies for specific tailored training in order to improve performances. The sensor system presented in this work has the aim to adopt a novel approach for the monitoring of physiological parameters, and athletes’ performances, during their training. The anaerobic threshold is herein identified with the monitoring of the lactate concentration and the respiratory parameters. The data collected by the sensor are used to build a model using a supervised method (based on the partial least squares method, PLS) to predict the values of the parameters of interest. The sensor is able to measure the lactate concentration from a sample of saliva and it can estimate a respiratory parameter, such as maximal oxygen consumption, maximal carbon dioxide production and respiratory rate from a sample of exhaled breath. The main advantages of the device are the low power; the wireless communication; and the non-invasive sampling method, which allow its use in a real context of sport practice.
Highlights
A gas sensor array for volatile fingerprinting and e-tongue systems are used in several applications.E-nose is applied in several fields: from the medical practice for the early detection of respiratory diseases [1], to the evaluation of food freshness [2] and the monitoring of the air quality [3]
Calibrationmodels process,for measured blood lactate concentrations and respiratory parameters were During used to the calibration process, measured blood lactate concentrations and respiratory parameters were used build the models
principal analysis (PCA) analysis shows the effectiveness of the sampling method and the ability of the analysis shows effectiveness of samples
Summary
A gas sensor array for volatile fingerprinting (dubbed e-nose) and e-tongue systems (based on cyclic voltammetry analysis) are used in several applications.E-nose is applied in several fields: from the medical practice for the early detection of respiratory diseases [1], to the evaluation of food freshness [2] and the monitoring of the air quality [3]. The e-tongue systems are used for voltammetric analysis in the discrimination of the quality of olive oil [4], wine [5], water [6] and physiological liquids [7]. Those systems have not been used, so far, for the evaluation of sport activities. In sport activities the monitoring of the physiological parameters allows one to evaluate the physical condition of the athletes. The current state of art of this research field does not follow a unique guideline, but several approaches are pursued and different theories are reported to support the effectiveness of each parameter proposed for athletes’ monitoring [8]
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