A Semi-Automated Method for Measuring White Matter Hyperintensity Volume

Abstract

YongSoo Shim, M.D.*, Bora Yoon, M.D.†, Yun Jeong Hong, M.D.‡, A-Hyun Cho, M.D.*, Dong-Won Yang, M.D.* Department of Neurology*, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul; Department of Neurology†, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon; ‡Hyoja Geriatric Hospital, Yongin, Korea Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been considered as a reliable biomarker of small vessel damages. To evaluate the severity of WMHs, it is vital to develop reliable methods to measure the volume of WMHs. We applied open source software to measure WMH volume in the semi-automated way, and tested the reliability and validity by comparing with the commonly used qualitative rating scale. Methods: Twenty five subjects with variable WMHs were recruited. ANALYZE 10.0 was used for the image processing and volumetric measurement of WMHs. The inhomogeneity and artifacts of signal were corrected with Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit in ANALYZE. For the gold standard of the WMH volumetric measurement, threshold method was applied with consensus of manual editing on each slice of the MRI images by two raters. Histogram of the all slices of the Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) MRI was generated to calculate the optimal voxel intensity of threshold, and the lowest voxel threshold was decided as the mean+1.4 SD. The volumes of WMHs were generated by multiplying the area and the thickness of each slice. Interand intrarater reliability of the semi-automated volumetric and Scheltens’methods, and the association between the individual methods were analyzed. Results: The semi-automated WMH volume at the threshold of 1.4 SD as well as the gold standard volume was well correlated with the Scheltens’ visual scale (r= 0.75, p< 0.001). The semi-automated volumetry showed the excellent intra-rater (ICC= 0.9929; 95% CI, 0.98400.9968) and inter-rater reliability (ICC= 0.9830; 95% CI, 0.9620-0.9925), superior to the Scheltens’ visual rating scale. Conclusions: The semi-automated volume measurement of the WMHs with Analyze was a valid and a reliable method to quantify subcortical white matter damages of various etiologies. Received: November 15, 2012 Revision received: March 29, 2013 Accepted: March 29, 2013