Abstract
In conventional image trading systems, images are usually stored unprotected on a server, rendering them vulnerable to untrusted server providers and malicious intruders. This paper proposes a conceptual image trading framework that enables secure storage and retrieval over Internet services. The process involves three parties: an image publisher, a server provider, and an image buyer. The aim is to facilitate secure storage and retrieval of original images for commercial transactions, while preventing untrusted server providers and unauthorized users from gaining access to true contents. The framework exploits the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients and the moment invariants of images. Original images are visually protected in the DCT domain, and stored on a repository server. Small representation of the original images, called thumbnails, are generated and made publicly accessible for browsing. When a buyer is interested in a thumbnail, he/she sends a query to retrieve the visually protected image. The thumbnails and protected images are matched using the DC component of the DCT coefficients and the moment invariant feature. After the matching process, the server returns the corresponding protected image to the buyer. However, the image remains visually protected unless a key is granted. Our target application is the online market, where publishers sell their stock images over the Internet using public cloud servers.
Highlights
With the advancement of the Internet, multimedia content trading has become increasingly popular
Based on the current practices of image trading and the wide availability of cloud servers, we argue that the following requirements should be satisfied to enable a secure image trading system running in an untrusted cloud environment: 1. The system must provide privacy protection to the stored data
Preliminaries we present some background information that is necessary to formulate our proposed framework, including a review of conventional image trading systems and their shortcomings, the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) standard, image scrambling in the DCT domain, and the structural similarity (SSIM) index, which measures the degree of scrambling
Summary
With the advancement of the Internet, multimedia content trading has become increasingly popular. Related work The requirements formulated in “Introduction” can be divided into two main research categories: the secure storage of images on a public cloud server, and efficient image matching in visually protected (encrypted) domains for retrieval and content preview purposes. A cloud-based image trading framework that considers the above-mentioned issues is proposed It facilitates secure storage and retrieval of original images, and prevents unauthorized parties from accessing the true content of images. The protected images are uploaded and stored on a cloud repository server In this manner, the true visual content of the original images cannot be accessed by the server provider. Simulation results Simulations were mainly conducted to verify the matching performance between thumbnails of various sizes that serve as query images and their corresponding DCimages extracted from the visually protected images These images were assumed to be stored on the server and available for trading. We calculated the distance between the thumbnails and the visually protected images
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