A Scan-to-BIM Methodology Applied to Heritage Buildings

Rocha Rocha,Mateus Mateus,Ferreira Ferreira,Fernández Fernández

doi:10.3390/heritage3010004

Rocha Rocha, Mateus Mateus + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage3010004

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Journal: Heritage	Publication Date: Feb 6, 2020
Citations: 81	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Lisbon School of Design, University of Lisbon

Abstract

Heritage buildings usually have complex (non-parametric) geometries that turn their digitization through conventional methods in inaccurate and time-consuming processes. When it comes to the survey and representation of historical assets, remote sensing technologies have been playing key roles in the last few years: 3D laser scanning and photogrammetry surveys save time in the field, while proving to be extremely accurate at registering non-regular geometries of buildings. However, the efficient transformation of remote-sensing data into as-built parametric smart models is currently an unsolved challenge. A pragmatic and organized Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) methodology is essential in order to obtain a consistent model that can bring benefits and integrate conservation and restoration work. This article addresses the creation of an HBIM model of heritage assets using 3D laser scanning and photogrammetry. Our findings are illustrated in one case study: The Engine House Paços Reais in Lisbon. The paper first describes how and what measures should be taken to plan a careful scan-to-HBIM process. Second, the description of the remote-sensing survey campaign is conducted accordingly and is aimed at a BIM output, including the process of data alignment, cleaning, and merging. Finally, the HBIM modeling phase is described, based on point cloud data.

Highlights

Technological advances and the use of new non-invasive imaging tools and long-range methods such as 3D terrestrial laser scanning and photogrammetry make it easy to perform architectural surveys and to achieve high accuracy and precision that captures the details of the building that would not otherwise be possible [1,2].The use of BIM tools for three-dimensional architectural reconstruction makes it possible to incorporate the existing building to a BIM methodology and take advantage of benefits such as calculations of design alternatives, cost estimates, material quantifications, data management, as-built documentation, constructive state analysis, execution plans, and others [3]
The scan-to-BIM process proves to be extremely efficient when dealing with historic buildings as it saves a lot of field time in the survey, and saves time in the office by using BIM software to do the three-dimensional reconstruction of the architecture as well as the technical drawings needed
The proposed workflow (Figure 16) (Table 1) consisted of creating a BIM model that is prepared to have its level of detail increased if necessary in the future

Summary

Introduction

Technological advances and the use of new non-invasive imaging tools and long-range methods such as 3D terrestrial laser scanning and photogrammetry make it easy to perform architectural surveys and to achieve high accuracy and precision that captures the details of the building that would not otherwise be possible [1,2].The use of BIM tools for three-dimensional architectural reconstruction makes it possible to incorporate the existing building to a BIM methodology and take advantage of benefits such as calculations of design alternatives, cost estimates, material quantifications, data management, as-built documentation, constructive state analysis, execution plans, and others [3]. In Europe, 80% of the buildings were constructed before 1990, and most of them do not have a BIM model to be incorporated into this work methodology For these cases, reverse engineering with 3D laser scanning and photogrammetry survey processes is becoming standard procedure [4]. The term HBIM is described by Murphy [11] as a parametric model generation solution, where architectural elements are represented in their geometry, and in the corresponding attributes of a historical database It is the application of the BIM methodology in historical heritage buildings and may be aimed at conservation status monitoring, heritage management, preventive maintenance, analysis of intervention options, conservation and restoration planning, construction simulation, disaster preparedness, and others [8,9,12,13]. This complexity implies a more extended and more careful architectural survey, with a more significant scan points, and a higher cost [9]

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