A Scale Development Study: Psychometric Properties of the Cumhuriyet Subjective Sleep Quality Scale

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop an instrument that could be used to assess sleep quality that was both valid and reliable. A two-part study group was included in the study. The study included 221 adults for exploratory factor analysis and 207 for confirmatory factor analysis. The participants were all aged between 18 and 56, with a mean age of 26.83 years. The validity and reliability of the scale were investigated by content validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent validity methods, internal consistency, and item analysis. For concurrent validity, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 and the Fear of COVID-19 Scales were used. As a result of the explanatory factor analysis carried out to determine the construct validity of the 31-item draft scale, a structure consisting of 18 items and 3 sub-dimensions was obtained. This structure explains 60.45% of the total variance. The first factor was named "psychosomatic effects" (5 items), the second factor was named "sleep course" (7 items), and the third factor was named "sleep satisfaction" (6 items). In confirmatory factor analysis, fit index values were found as CMIN/df=2.78, RMSEA= .08, SRMR=.085, NFI= .90, PNFI= .91, RFI= .88, IFI= .92, CFI= .92, PGFI= .60, and AGFI=.82. Factor loadings ranged from.51 to.84. The Cumhuriyet Subjective Sleep Quality (CSSQS) Scale had significant positive relationships with the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 and the Fear of COVID-19 Scales in the concurrent validity. (r= .43, .21, respectively; p<.01). Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficients were found to be =.91 for the whole scale, =.84 for the psychosomatic effects, =.87 for the sleep course, and =.84 for the sleep satisfaction. Corrections to item-total correlations ranged from.48 to.69. Overall, the Cumhuriyet Subjective Sleep Quality Scale was found to be a viable and reliable instrument for assessing adults' subjective sleep quality levels.