A robust watermarking approach for medical image authentication using dual image and quorum function

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To safeguard the identity and copyright of a patient’s medical documents, watermarking strategies are widely used. This work provides a new dual image-based watermarking approach using the quorum function (QF) and AD interpolation technique. AD interpolation is used to create the dual images which helps to increase the embedding capacity. Moreover, the rules for using the QF are designed in such a way, that the original bits are least affected after embedding. As a result, it increases the visual quality of the stego images. A shared secret key has been employed to protect the information hidden in the medical image and to maintain the privacy and confidentiality. The experimental result using PSNR, SSIM, NCC, and EC shows that the suggested technique gives an average PSNR of 68.44 dB and SSIM is close to 0.99 after inserting 786432 watermark bits, which demonstrates the superiority of the scheme over other state-of-the-art schemes.