Abstract
The precise tie-points (TPs) on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are a critical cornerstone in the global digital elevation model (DEM) and digital ortho map (DOM) production process. While there are abundant studies on SAR TPs matching, improvement opportunities persist in large areas. The correspondences have pixel-level errors during geocoding, which result in misalignment between global products. Consequently, this paper proposed a robust method for SAR images TPs matching, which consists of three key steps: (1) interest point extraction based on the dynamic Harris area entropy (DHAE) grid; (2) adaptive determination of template size; (3) normalized cross correlation (NCC) template matching. DHAE is a regional texture information grid based on the SAR-Harris map, and it is achieved through dynamic block division. Generating the DHAE grid over SAR images enables the extraction of interest points that have regional feature representation and distribution uniformity. A variable-size matching template is adaptively determined based on DHAE to enhance template quality while maintaining computational efficiency. Subsequently, the NCC algorithm is employed to find subpixel-precise correspondences. The proposed method is applied on TPs matching in 57 Terra-SAR images, which cover a large geographical area. Furthermore, the overlapping area is partitioned into five segments according to different coverage types. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other template matching methods. For all coverage types, the proposed method exhibits high-precision sub-pixel results that reach up to 38.64% in terms of the relative positioning error (RPE), particularly in texture-weak and large areas.
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