Abstract
To resolve the contradiction between existing watermarking methods—which are not compatible with the watermark’s ability to resist geometric attacks—and robustness, a robust multi-watermarking algorithm suitable for medical images is proposed. First, the visual feature vector of the medical image was obtained by dual-tree complex wavelet transform and discrete cosine transform (DTCWT-DCT) to perform multi-watermark embedding and extraction. Then, the multi-watermark was preprocessed using the henon map chaotic encryption technology to strengthen the security of watermark information, and combined with the concept of zero watermark to make the watermark able to resist both conventional and geometric attacks. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively extract watermark information; it implements zero watermarking and blind extraction. Compared with existing watermark technology, it has good performance in terms of its robustness and resistance to geometric attacks and conventional attacks, especially in geometric attacks.
Highlights
Since the birth of medical imaging technology, medical images that, in the auxiliary diagnosis of the industry, play an increasingly important role in making accurate diagnoses for doctors, include computed tomography (CT) images, X-ray images, ultrasound images, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, electrocardiograms, electroencephalograms, angiography images, radionuclide images etc. generated by medical imaging systems [1]
By modifying the threshold value, the transform domain coefficient of 8x8 is compared with the size of watermark and Electronic Patients Record (EPR)
Of the cover medical image, explicitly inserted the watermark into the Region of Non-Interest (RONI) of the cover medical image to obtain a watermarked medical image; Zhang et al [11], using Laplacian and a horizontal set segmented the medical images into Region of Interest (ROI) and RONI, whereby the watermark information was embedded into a RONI based on Contourlet transformation and singular value decomposition (SVD); Taher et al [12] proposed a blind hybrid watermark algorithm for MRI images, which used a histogram to divide the image into ROI and RONI, and embedded the watermark into the RONI’s spatial and wavelet domains; Maedeh Jamali et al [13] looked for RONI using saliency to find the smallest overlap with the ROI
Summary
Jing Liu 1,2 , Jingbing Li 1,2, *, Jixin Ma 3 , Naveed Sadiq 4 , Uzair Aslam Bhatti 1,2. State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China. Featured Application: This algorithm combines DTCWT-DCT, Henon map, perceptual hashing and the third-party concepts for medical images with special requirements on images. It uses zero-watermark technology to complete the embedding and extraction of watermarks to effectively protect the safety of medical images and patients’ privacy information. With a large payload capacity and a high level of robustness against common attacks and geometric attacks, it can be used for medical security, cloud storage and cloud transmission, security authentication, etc
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