Abstract
Medicinal plants are very popular in different traditional systems of medicines due to their diverse pharmacological potentials and lesser side effects in biological systems. Piper nigrum L. (Family Piperaceae) is a well known spice considered as ‘‘The King of spices’’ among various spices. It contains a pungent alkaloid ‘‘piperine’’ which is known to possess many pharmacological actions. Piperine increases bioavailability of many drugs and nutrients by inhibiting various metabolising enzymes. Piper nigrum L and its active constituent ‘’Piperine’’exhibits diverse pharmacological activities like antihypertensive, antiplatelet, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-asthmatics, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, antispasmodic, antidepressants, immunomodulatory, anticonvulsant, anti-thyroids, antibacterial, antifungal, hepato-protective, insecticidal and larvicidal activities etc. The current review article is aimed to provide an updated literature review on recent advancement of pharmacognosy, chemistry and pharmacological activities of Piper nigrum L.
Highlights
Piper nigrum is a valuable medicinal plant
The expression of phosphorylated STAT-3 and Nuclear factor-κB transcription factors were reduced in LNCaP, PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancer cells after treatment of with piperine. These results suggested that there was a significant reduction in the androgen dependent and independent growth of tumor in naked mice model of xeno-transplanted with prostate cancer cells after treatment of piperine [21]
Hepatoprotective activity of black pepper: It was found that piperine inhibited the increased level of serum GPT and GOT in dose-dependent manner in a hepato-toxicity model of mice caused by D-galactosamine
Summary
Piper nigrum (family Piperaceae) is a valuable medicinal plant. It is one of the most commonly used spices and considered as ’’The King of spices’’ among various spices. Piper species significantly inhibited the atherogenic diet induced increased lipid profile and alteration in antioxidant enzymes activities. Anti-cancer activity of black pepper: Piper nigrum had been reported to inhibit tumors formation in different experimental models. Hepatoprotective activity of black pepper: It was found that piperine inhibited the increased level of serum GPT and GOT in dose-dependent manner in a hepato-toxicity model of mice caused by D-galactosamine. The hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Piper nigrum fruits was evaluated in ethanolCCl4 induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats. Prophylactic treatment with methanolic extract of Piper nigrum at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, p.o. and pre-treatment with piperine at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, p.o. for 15 days with Ethanol-CCl4 treatment rats showed significant liver protection as evidenced from the triglycerides levels, Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione reductase and Lipid peroxidation levels to assess the liver functions. Piper nigrum (Black Pepper) or pure compound ‘‘Piperine’’ exhibits many more Pharmacological activities like antihypertensive, antiplatelets, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antifungal, anti-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, antimutagenic, anti-spermatogenic, anti-Colon toxin, anti-asthmatics, anti-anxiety, antithyroids, antifungal, insecticidal and larvicidal activities etc [1,2,3,4,5]
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