Abstract
Bacteria under the operational group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (OGBa) are all Gram-positive, endospore-forming, and rod-shaped. Taxonomically, the OGBa belongs to the Bacillus subtilis species complex, family Bacillaceae, class Bacilli, and phylum Firmicutes. To date, the OGBa comprises four bacterial species: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus siamensis, Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus nakamurai. They are widely distributed in various niches including soil, plants, food, and water. A resurgence in genome mining has caused an increased focus on the biotechnological applications of bacterial species belonging to the OGBa. The members of OGBa are known as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) due to their abilities to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphate, and produce siderophore and phytohormones, as well as antimicrobial compounds. Moreover, they are also reported to produce various enzymes including α-amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, aminotransferase, barnase, peroxidase, and laccase. Antimicrobial compounds that able to inhibit the growth of pathogens including non-ribosomal peptides and polyketides are also produced by these bacteria. Within the OGBa, various B. velezensis strains are promising for use as probiotics for animals and fishes. Genome mining has revealed the potential applications of members of OGBa for removing organophosphorus (OPs) pesticides. Thus, this review focused on the applicability of members of OGBa as plant growth promoters, biocontrol agents, probiotics, bioremediation agents, as well as producers of commercial enzymes and antibiotics. Here, the bioformulations and commercial products available based on these bacteria are also highlighted. This review will better facilitate understandings of members of OGBa and their biotechnological applications.
Highlights
In 1943, a Japanese scientist, Juichiro Fukumoto, first isolated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens from the soil
This review focused on the biotechnological applications of the bacterial strains belonging to the operational group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (OGBa)
The progress of the research on the biotechnological applications of bacterial species that belong to OGBa is remarkable
Summary
In 1943, a Japanese scientist, Juichiro Fukumoto, first isolated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens from the soil. B. amyloliquefaciens was combined with the closely related Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis into the B. subtilis species complex, based on phylogenetic and phenetic evidence [3]. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 614 comprises four bacterial species; the soil-borne B. amyloliquefaciens, the plant-associated. Bacillus siamensis and Bacillus velezensis, and a black-pigment-producing strain Bacillus nakamurai [4]. Several bacterial species of the OGBa, namely B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. B. velezensis is distinct from the closely related species of B. amyloliquefaciens and. B. velezensis, 19 belonged to B. amyloliquefaciens, 10 belonged to B. siamensis and 2 belonged to B. nakamurai [6]. Genome mining has revealed their applicability as plant growth-promoters, biocontrol agents, probiotics, bioremediation agents as well as producers of commercial enzymes and antibiotics [7,8]. This review focused on the biotechnological applications of the bacterial strains belonging to the OGBa
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