A REVIEW ON TEXTILE DYE WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS

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Dyes constitute prominent pollutants within our environment. The unregulated discharge of textile effluents into surroundings poses grave threats to both water bodies and ecosystems. Consequently, there is a growing need for cost-effective and efficient dye treatment methodologies. For this concept an effective approach is utilizing the sustainable materials. Natural materials, industrial by-products, or synthetically modified substances, which offer economical options as adsorbents, are generally referred to as low-cost adsorbents (LCAs). LCAs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in removing textile dyes. In many developing countries, the exploration of natural adsorbents such as rice husk, saw dust, fruit peels, clay, fly ash etc. has been extensively as it a sustainable material. This chapter focuses on two affordable natural materials: clay (including Safiot clay, bentonite clay, and natural clay) and fly ash (in forms such as mixtures with sandy clay loam soil, raw fly ash, and bottom ash) as potential adsorbents. Through batch experiments, parameters such as initial dye concentration, solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time were calculated to establish optimal operating conditions. Among various clay types, natural Sofiot Clay exhibited a dye removal efficiency of approximately 97.03% for Methylene Blue dye. Among different fly ash proportions, mixtures with sandy clay loam soil demonstrated remarkable dye removal, achieving up to 99.2% for direct yellow 28.