Abstract
The analogs of nitrogen-based heterocycles occupy an exclusive position as a valuable source of therapeutic agents in medicinal chemistry. More than 75% of drugs approved by the FDA and currently available in the market are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moieties. In the forthcoming decade, a much greater share of new nitrogen-based pharmaceuticals is anticipated. Many new nitrogen-based heterocycles have been designed. The number of novel N-heterocyclic moieties with significant physiological properties and promising applications in medicinal chemistry is ever-growing. In this review, we consolidate the recent advances on novel nitrogen-containing heterocycles and their distinct biological activities, reported over the past one year (2019 to early 2020). This review highlights the trends in the use of nitrogen-based moieties in drug design and the development of different potent and competent candidates against various diseases.
Highlights
Nitrogen-based heterocyclic chemistry is an important and unique class among the applied branches of organic chemistry, with a significant amount of research dedicated to the development of novel molecules and composites
The electron-rich nitrogen heterocycle is able to readily accept or donate a proton, but it can establish diverse weak interactions. Some of these intermolecular forces, such as like hydrogen bonding formation, dipole-dipole interactions, hydrophobic effects, van der Waals forces and π-stacking interactions of nitrogen compounds have increased their importance in the field of medicinal chemistry and allows them to bind with a variety of enzymes and receptors in biological targets with high affinity due to their improved solubility
The triazole linked phenyl ring was formed a hydrophobic interaction with Met66 and an aliphatic hydrogen bonding could be formed between the methoxy group and Lys70 backbone in the first cluster and the Asn74 backbone in the second cluster. These results show that the large and smaller flexible groups of the 1,2,3-triazole moiety play a significant part in increasing the anti-HIV activity
Summary
Nitrogen-based heterocyclic chemistry is an important and unique class among the applied branches of organic chemistry, with a significant amount of research dedicated to the development of novel molecules and composites. The base pairs of DNA and RNA (guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine) are made up of N-heterocyclic compounds, namely purines, pyrimidines, etc These nitrogen-containing heterocyclic molecules with distinct characteristics and applications have gained prominence in the rapidly expanding fields of organic and medicinal chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry [11,12,13]. The electron-rich nitrogen heterocycle is able to readily accept or donate a proton, but it can establish diverse weak interactions Some of these intermolecular forces, such as like hydrogen bonding formation, dipole-dipole interactions, hydrophobic effects, van der Waals forces and π-stacking interactions of nitrogen compounds have increased their importance in the field of medicinal chemistry and allows them to bind with a variety of enzymes and receptors in biological targets with high affinity due to their improved solubility. Irreversible covalent inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinases for of the receptor kinases (RTK)
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