A Review on Monkey Pox: From Pandemic to Endemic

Abstract

Monkeypox is a rare viral disease that has been identified as a potentially emerging infectious disease with the potential to cause outbreaks and epidemics. The virus is closely related to the small pox virus and belongs to the family Poxviridae. Monkey pox is primarily found in Central and West Africa, where it is transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals or humans. The virus can cause a range of clinical manifestations, from mild flu-like symptoms to severe illness with high mortality rates. The clinical presentation of monkey pox typically starts with fever, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue, followed by the development of a rash that spreads across the body. The rash progresses from macules to papules, vesicles, pustules, and scabs over several weeks. In severe cases, complications such as pneumonia, sepsis, and encephalitis can occur. There is currently no specific treatment for monkeypox. Supportive care measures such as hydration and pain management are used to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Vaccination against smallpox has been shown to provide some protection against monkeypox; however, it's effectiveness against the virus remains unclear. The prevention of monkeypox relies on measures such as avoiding contact with infected animals or humans and practicing good hygiene practices such as hand washing. Early detection of cases through surveillance systems is also crucial for preventing outbreaks. In conclusion, monkeypox is an emerging infectious disease that poses a significant public health threat in endemic regions. Continued research efforts are needed to better understand the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the virus and develop effective prevention strategies such as vaccines or antiviral therapies